Meridian Institute | Microsoft 365 Identity & Security Operations Lab

Lab Architecture

Six-Phase Lab Execution

Built as a sequenced lab where each phase builds on the last, from tenant foundation to scripted validation, reporting, and security posture review.

01

Tenant Foundation

27 users provisioned, job titles, departments, RBAC role assignments per persona

02

Identity Governance

4 dynamic security groups with Entra ID rules, 65.45% Identity Secure Score baseline

03

Conditional Access

MFA for Admins + Block Legacy Auth — staged in report-only mode for safe rollout

04

PowerShell Ops

Graph API queries for governance, licensing, sign-in telemetry, and lifecycle automation

05

Audit & Reporting

CSV exports, directory audit logs, SSPR insights, sign-in telemetry, device baseline

Automation Layer

PowerShell as the Operational Backbone

Microsoft Graph PowerShell 7.4.13 drove the entire audit, lifecycle, and reporting layer — making every operation repeatable, scriptable, and evidence-backed.

01 · Connect

02 · Query & Classify

03 · Group Rules

04 · Lifecycle

05 · Audit Export

PowerShell 7.4.13 — Graph Connection

# Install Microsoft Graph module (PSGallery)
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser

# Connect with full admin scopes
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.ReadWrite.All","Directory.ReadWrite.All",
    "Group.ReadWrite.All","AuditLog.Read.All"

# Verify tenant connection
Get-MgOrganization | Select DisplayName,Id,CountryLetterCode,VerifiedDomains

# DisplayName  Id                                   CountryLetterCode
# ----------   --                                   -----------------
# Contoso Lab      sanitized-tenant-id CA

PowerShell 7.4.13 — User Query & Classification

# Enumerate all 27 tenant users
Get-MgUser | Select DisplayName,UserPrincipalName

# Full classification audit: name, UPN, job title, department
Get-MgUser -All -Property DisplayName,UserPrincipalName,JobTitle,Department |
    Select DisplayName,UserPrincipalName,JobTitle,Department

# Result: 27 users classified
# Students (6), Professors (4), IT Operations (4), Security Operations (1)

# Identify accounts with no assigned license
$unlicensed = Get-MgUser -All -Property DisplayName,AssignedLicenses |
    Where-Object { $_.AssignedLicenses.Count -eq 0 }

# Returns: Aisha Rahman, Chloe Martin, Daniel Kim,
#          Jason Patel, Ryan Chen, Sarah Ahmed — 6 unlicensed students

PowerShell 7.4.13 — Dynamic Group Enumeration

# List all groups
Get-MgGroup | Select DisplayName

# Filter: show only Dynamic security groups + their membership rules
Get-MgGroup -All -Property DisplayName,GroupTypes,MembershipRule |
    Where-Object { $_.GroupTypes -contains "DynamicMembership" } |
    Select DisplayName,MembershipRule

# DisplayName           MembershipRule
# ----------------      -----------------------------------------------
# Security Operations   (user.jobTitle -eq "Security Operations")
# Students 2            (user.jobTitle -eq "Student")
# Professors            (user.jobTitle -eq "Professor")
# IT Operations         (user.department -eq "IT Operations")

PowerShell 7.4.13 — Lifecycle Operations

# Reconnect with write permissions for lifecycle ops
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.ReadWrite.All","Directory.ReadWrite.All","Group.ReadWrite.All"

# Filter unlicensed students
$unlicensedStudents = Get-MgUser -All -Property Id,DisplayName,UserPrincipalName,JobTitle,Department,AssignedLicenses |
    Where-Object { $_.JobTitle -eq "Student" -and $_.AssignedLicenses.Count -eq 0 }

# Export backup before any changes
$unlicensedStudents | Select DisplayName,UserPrincipalName,Department |
    Export-Csv Unlicensed-Students-Backup.csv -NoTypeInformation

# Bulk deprovision
$unlicensedStudents | ForEach-Object { Remove-MgUser -UserId $_.Id }

# Reprovision from backup CSV
Import-Csv Unlicensed-Students-Backup.csv | ForEach-Object {
    New-MgUser -DisplayName $_.DisplayName -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName
}

PowerShell 7.4.13 — Audit & Reporting

# Export sign-in telemetry to CSV
Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Top 50 |
    Select UserDisplayName,UserPrincipalName,AppDisplayName,
        Status,ConditionalAccessStatus,CreatedDateTime,IPAddress,Location |
    Export-Csv SignIn-Audit.csv -NoTypeInformation

# MFA registration audit
Get-MgUser -All | ForEach-Object {
    $methods = Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod -UserId $_.Id
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        User    = $_.DisplayName
        MFAEnabled = ($methods.Count -gt 1)
    }
} | Export-Csv MFA-Audit-Report.csv -NoTypeInformation

# Directory audit — view user creation events
Get-MgDirectoryAuditLog -Filter "activityDisplayName eq 'Add user'" |
    Select ActivityDateTime,Result,InitiatedBy

# Last sign-in per user
Get-MgUser -All -Property SignInActivity |
    Select DisplayName, @{Name="LastSignIn";Expression={$_.SignInActivity.LastSignInDateTime}}

Proof of Work

Evidence Gallery — 43 Screenshots

Every screenshot is tied to a concrete admin action. Filter by lab phase to follow the execution story from tenant provisioning to audit coverage.

Business Value

Operational & Security Impact

Skills demonstrated map directly to M365 Administrator, IAM Analyst, Cloud Support, SOC Tier 2/3, and Identity Engineer roles.

Operational Value

Provisioned and governed 27 users across 4 role categories with zero manual errors
Dynamic groups auto-classify users — no manual group management required
Repeatable PowerShell lifecycle: backup → deprovision → reprovision from CSV
Sign-in and directory audit exports ready for SOC or compliance review
Last-sign-in telemetry surfaces stale accounts before they become risk
MFA audit report identifies registration gaps across all 27 users

Security Value

2 Conditional Access policies staged in report-only — zero lockout risk during rollout
Legacy authentication blocked at policy level — eliminates a top initial access vector
Privileged admin roles scoped with least-privilege: SharePoint, Exchange, Helpdesk, Global
Identity Secure Score 65.45% — baseline established with a clear remediation path
0 stale, 0 noncompliant, 0 unmanaged devices — clean device baseline
SSPR and MFA registration gap identified: 96% not yet enrolled — actionable finding